grudge的音標是[grd?]，意思是怨恨、嫉妒、不滿。基本翻譯為“怨恨，嫉妒”，速記技巧為“gr”諧音“光熱”可理解為“光熱產生怨恨”。

grudge的英文詞源：

- 詞源：古英語 grēge， grēgean， 來自 grudge， 嫉妒，憎恨。

變化形式：復數：grudges；第三人稱單數：grudges；現在分詞：grudging；過去式：grudged；過去分詞：grudged。

相關單詞：

- begrudge：嫉妒，妒忌；不愿給予或分享。

- resentment：怨恨，不滿。

- jealousy：嫉妒，妒忌。

- dislike：不喜歡，厭惡。

- covetousness：貪心，貪婪。

- enviousness：羨慕，嫉妒。

- grudge-gift：吝嗇的禮物。

- grudgingly：不情愿地，勉強地。

- begrudgingly：不情愿地，吝嗇地。

- grudgingly agree：勉強同意。

解釋：grudge這個詞在英語中通常表示對某人不公平或被虧待的感覺，可以指人或物。這個詞的詞源可以追溯到古英語中的嫉妒和憎恨的含義，因此它通常與不滿和怨恨有關。相關單詞包括嫉妒、不滿、不喜歡、貪婪、羨慕等，這些單詞都與grudge有著密切的聯系。

grudge短語：

1. grudge against 懷恨

2. grudge payment 怨恨付款

3. grudge match 帶有怨氣的比賽

4. grudge cooperation 勉強合作

5. grudge rate 怨恨利率

6. grudge retailer 惜售

7. grudge supplier 惜售

雙語例句：

1. He held a grudge against his boss for years because of unfair treatment.

他因為受到不公平待遇，多年對老板懷恨在心。

2. She always grudge giving her time to others.

她總是吝嗇時間，不愿把時間花在別人身上。

3. They have a long-standing grudge against each other.

他們彼此之間有長期以來的積怨。

4. He always grudge spending money on himself.

他總是舍不得花錢。

5. She always grudge spending time with her family.

她總是舍不得花時間與家人在一起。

6. I"m not sure if he"s still holding a grudge against you, but you should try to make peace with him.

我不確定他是否還在對你懷恨在心，但你應該試著和他和解。

7. She always grudge giving her opinion because she thinks it"s not polite to speak out one"s mind.

她總是避免發表自己的意見，因為她認為直言不諱是不禮貌的。

英文小作文：

I have a grudge against my roommate because she always leaves her dirty clothes on the floor and doesn"t take care of the housework. I feel like she doesn"t respect my efforts to keep the room clean and tidy, and it makes me feel upset and angry. However, I know that it"s not fair to hold a grudge against her because she"s not intentionally doing anything wrong, so I try to keep calm and communicate with her about it instead. Hopefully, we can work out a solution to our problem and live together in harmony.