broken-down音標為["br??k?n-da?n]；基本翻譯為“破舊的，故障的”；速記技巧為：破舊（broke）故障（down）。

broken-down這個詞的詞源可以追溯到古英語，意為“破碎的，損壞的”。它的變化形式包括broken（過去式和過去分詞），-ed（表示完成或被動）和-down（表示下降或倒下）。

相關單詞：

breakdown：破裂，故障；精神崩潰，垮掉

broken：破損的，破碎的；不完全的，不完美的

breakdowns：故障，失效；精神崩潰

brokenhearted：心碎的，絕望的

breakdowns occur：故障發生

breakdown in communication：溝通中斷

breakdown of trust：信任破裂

broken record：老調重彈，乏味的人或事

broken promise：違背諾言

這些單詞都與broken-down這個詞源有關，描述了破損、失效、崩潰、破裂等現象。這些單詞在英語中廣泛使用，并隨著時間的推移，它們的含義和用法也在不斷演變。

常用短語：

1. broken-down car

2. broken-down engine

3. breakdown service

4. breakdown assistance

5. breakdown repairs

6. engine breakdown

7. mechanical breakdown

雙語例句：

1. My car has broken down and I need to call for a breakdown service. (我的車壞了，我需要叫一個維修服務。)

2. The mechanic repaired the engine and it was running like new again. (機械師修好了發動機，它再次像新的一樣運行。)

3. We had a breakdown of communication and couldn"t understand each other. (我們溝通不暢，無法理解對方。)

4. The breakdown of a vehicle can be very inconvenient and time-consuming. (車輛故障可能非常不方便和耗時。)

5. The breakdown of a car"s engine can be very expensive to repair. (汽車發動機故障修理起來非常昂貴。)

6. Mechanical breakdowns are a common occurrence in the workplace. (機械故障是工作場所中常見的事故。)

7. We need to ensure that our vehicles are in good condition to avoid breakdowns. (我們需要確保車輛狀況良好，以避免故障。)

英文小作文：

Broken-down cars are a common problem for many people, but they can be frustrating and time-consuming to deal with. When your car breaks down, it can be difficult to know where to turn for help and advice. That"s why it"s important to have a breakdown service on hand, or know someone who can help you out when needed.

However, it"s also important to take preventative measures to avoid breakdowns in the first place. Regular maintenance and inspection of your car"s engine and other components can help ensure that it runs smoothly and efficiently for as long as possible. This will save you time and money in the long run, and reduce the stress of dealing with a broken-down car.