by-law的音標是["ba?, l??]。基本翻譯是“地方法律，附屬法律；違反法律的行為”。速記技巧是注意不要和“by law”混淆。

by-law的英文詞源是by-，表示“副的，附加的”，加上law表示法律，因此by-law就是“附加的法律”的意思。

變化形式：復數(shù)形式為by-laws，過去式為by-lawed或by-layed，現(xiàn)在分詞為by-laying。

相關單詞：

1. shareholder：股東 - share是“份額”的意思，而by-law規(guī)定股東必須遵守公司的規(guī)則和規(guī)定，因此shareholder可以理解為“按照公司規(guī)定來持有股份的人”。

2. compliance：合規(guī)性 - compli是“遵守”的意思，ance表示性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，因此compliance可以理解為“遵守規(guī)定的狀態(tài)”。

3. regulation：規(guī)定 - regulate是“規(guī)范，調(diào)整”的意思，而by-law就是附加的法律規(guī)范。

4. subsidiary：附屬公司 - subsidiary意為“附屬的”，指的是一個公司通過法律程序成為另一個公司的附屬公司，以便獲得支持和保護。

5. by-product：副產(chǎn)品 - by-表示“副的”，product表示產(chǎn)品，因此副產(chǎn)品就是指在生產(chǎn)主要產(chǎn)品時產(chǎn)生的非主要但又是不可避免的產(chǎn)物。

by-law在英語中是一個常用的法律術語，涉及到公司治理、法規(guī)遵守等方面，對于理解英語法律文獻和商業(yè)文獻非常重要。

by-law:

1. by-laws of a company: 公司章程

2. violate by-laws: 違反規(guī)定

3. make by-laws: 制定規(guī)章制度

4. change by-laws: 修改規(guī)章制度

5. by-law officer: 法規(guī)官員

6. by-law department: 法規(guī)部門

7. by-law compliance: 法規(guī)遵守

例句：

1. The company has adopted strict by-laws to ensure fair competition among its members.

公司制定了嚴格的規(guī)章制度以確保成員之間的公平競爭。

2. The government has increased the fines for violating traffic by-laws.

政府提高了違反交通規(guī)章的罰款。

3. The board of directors must make and enforce by-laws to protect the interests of shareholders.

董事會必須制定并執(zhí)行規(guī)章制度以保護股東的利益。

4. The city has changed its by-laws to allow more parking spaces for residents.

市政府修改了規(guī)章制度以允許為居民增加停車位。

5. The by-law officer is responsible for enforcing the city"s building regulations.

法規(guī)官員負責執(zhí)行城市的建筑規(guī)章。

6. The by-law department is responsible for investigating and punishing illegal activities.

法規(guī)部門負責調(diào)查和懲罰違法行為。

7. We must comply with all the regulations in our workplace, including the company"s by-laws.

我們必須遵守工作場所的所有規(guī)定，包括公司的規(guī)章制度。

英文小作文：

The importance of by-laws in maintaining a healthy and fair work environment cannot be overstated. By-laws serve as a set of guidelines that help to ensure fairness and transparency in all aspects of work, from employee relations to safety regulations. They provide a framework for ensuring that everyone is treated equally and fairly, and that no individual is subject to unfair treatment or discrimination. By-laws also serve as a tool for preventing conflicts and disputes, and for maintaining a positive and harmonious work environment. In conclusion, by-laws are essential for maintaining a healthy and fair work environment, and everyone should be responsible for complying with them to ensure a positive and productive work culture.