hoarsening的音標是[?h??s?n??]，翻譯成中文是“（聲音）變嘶啞；變粗啞”。速記技巧是將其中的字母或字母組合用簡單的符號代替，例如可以將“h”簡化為“∧”，“o”簡化為“□”，“s”簡化為“│”，“n”簡化為“∩”，那么可以將hoarsening簡化為“∧│∩□”，這樣更方便記憶。

hoarsening這個詞的詞源可以追溯到古英語中的hoestan，意為“粗聲說話”。hoarsening作為動詞，表示使聲音變得尖銳或刺耳，通常用于描述環境或情緒對人的影響，使其聲音變得不自然或緊張。

hoarsening的變化形式包括過去式和過去分詞形式的hoostaned以及現在分詞形式的hoostening。

相關單詞包括：

1. shout - 意為“大聲喊叫”，與hoarsening的詞源相同，都與大聲說話有關。

2. grumble - 意為“抱怨”，與hoarseness的詞源相同，都與不愉快的情緒有關。

3. hush - 意為“安靜”，與hoarseness的詞源相同，都與大聲說話相反。

4. whisper - 意為“低聲細語”，與hoarseness的詞源相同，但與小聲說話有關。

5. hoarse - 意為“嘶啞的”，直接來源于hoarseness，表示聲音不自然或刺耳。

6. harsh - 意為“粗糙的”，與hoarseness的詞源相同，但表示聲音或音調的不和諧。

7. hoity-toity - 意為“傲慢自大”，與hoarse的詞源相同，但用于形容人的態度和行為。

8. hoity-toity-ish - 意為“有點傲慢的”，與hoity-toity相似，但語氣更為柔和。

9. grating - 意為“刺耳的”，與hoarseness的詞源相同，但用于形容聲音或音調的不悅耳。

10. harshness - 意為“粗糙、刺耳”，直接來源于hoarseness，表示聲音或音調的不自然或不悅耳。

hoarseness

短語：

1. hoarseness in speech

2. speak in a hoarse voice

3. hoarseness of voice

4. hoarse voice

5. voice hoarseness

6. speak in a hoarse whisper

7. hoarseness of speech

例句：

1. He spoke in a hoarse whisper after being ill for days.

2. His voice had become hoarse from shouting.

3. She noticed his voice was getting hoarser and hoarser.

4. His hoarse voice was a giveaway that he was feeling unwell.

5. She couldn"t understand why his voice sounded so hoarse.

6. He had a sore throat and spoke in a hoarse whisper all day.

7. The doctor said his hoarseness was caused by a virus infection.

英文小作文：

Hoarseness is a common problem that many people experience at some point in their lives. It can be caused by various factors, such as illness, smoking, and prolonged use of the voice. When someone speaks in a hoarse voice, it can be difficult to understand what they are saying and can be a source of frustration and embarrassment for them. If you notice someone with hoarseness, it"s always a good idea to offer them some assistance or encouragement to help them feel better about their condition. Additionally, it"s always a good idea to stay hydrated and avoid shouting or using the voice excessively to prevent hoarseness from worsening.