gruelling的音標為[?ɡru?l??]，基本翻譯為“艱苦的；使人筋疲力盡的”，速記技巧為：gru-表示“困難，艱難”，-el表示“小”。

gruelling這個詞的詞源可以追溯到古英語中的“grēolian”，意為“折磨，使疲憊不堪”。它的變化形式包括過去式“gruelled”和過去分詞“gruelled”，現在分詞“gruelling”，以及形容詞形式“gruelling”。

相關單詞：

1. “gruel”意為“稀粥”，與“grueling”有著相似的含義，表示艱苦、疲憊的工作或生活。

2. “grueling”可以用來形容艱苦、疲憊的工作或經歷，例如：“The work was grueling and tiring.”（這項工作既艱苦又累人。）

3. “grueling hours”意為長時間的、辛苦的勞動時間，例如：“The factory workers worked grueling hours.”（工廠的工人工作的時間很長。）

4. “grueling days and nights”表示漫長而辛苦的日夜，例如：“The grueling days and nights of the war took a heavy toll.”（戰爭漫長而辛苦的日夜造成了巨大的損失。）

5. “grueling struggle”意為艱苦的斗爭，例如：“They are facing a grueling struggle to overcome the difficulties.”（他們正在面臨一場艱苦的斗爭以克服困難。）

6. “grueling routine”意為繁重而單調的日常任務或工作，例如：“The grueling routine of the factory workers is a daily struggle for survival.”（工廠工人的繁重而單調的日常任務或工作是生存的每日斗爭。）

7. “grueling marathon”意為艱苦的馬拉松比賽，例如：“The grueling marathon was a test of endurance and perseverance.”（這場艱苦的馬拉松比賽是對耐力和毅力的考驗。）

8. “grueling training”意為艱苦的訓練，例如：“The team has been undergoing grueling training for the upcoming championship game.”（為了即將到來的冠軍比賽，隊伍一直在進行艱苦的訓練。）

9. “grueling schedule”意為緊張的日程安排，例如：“The grueling schedule of the politician has taken a toll on his health.”（政治家的緊張日程安排對他的健康造成了影響。）

10. “grueling effort”意為艱苦的努力，例如：“They made a grueling effort to complete the project on time.”（他們為了按時完成項目做出了艱苦的努力。）

gruelling常用短語：

1. gruelling workout 艱苦訓練

2. gruelling schedule 緊張的日程

3. gruelling experience 艱苦的經歷

4. gruelling journey 艱難的旅程

5. gruelling heat 酷熱的天氣

6. gruelling training 艱苦的訓練

7. gruelling task 艱巨的任務

雙語例句：

1. After a gruelling workout, I feel exhausted but satisfied. 經過一次艱苦的訓練，我感到筋疲力盡，但同時也感到滿足。

2. The gruelling schedule left us with little time for rest and relaxation. 緊張的日程讓我們幾乎沒有時間休息和放松。

3. He endured a gruelling experience in the army that toughened him up. 他經歷了一次軍隊中的艱苦經歷，這使他變得更加堅強。

4. We had a gruelling journey and arrived at our destination exhausted. 我們經過了一段艱難的旅程，到達目的地時已經筋疲力盡。

5. The gruelling heat made it difficult to work outside. 酷熱的天氣使得在外面工作變得困難。

6. She endured months of gruelling training to prepare for the competition. 她為了比賽，忍受了幾個月的艱苦訓練。

7. The gruelling task was completed with the help of a team of workers. 在一組工人的幫助下，艱巨的任務得以完成。

英文小作文：

When I think of gruelling work, I immediately think of my father, who has always been known for his hardworking nature. He has always put in long hours of work, often working weekends and evenings to ensure that our family has everything it needs. He never complains about the gruelling workload, but instead finds ways to make it all worthwhile.

For me, this experience has taught me the importance of perseverance and endurance. Although the work may be gruelling at times, it is essential to keep going and never give up. It is only through hard work and dedication that we can achieve our goals and dreams. I am grateful for my father"s example and his unwavering commitment to his work and family, which has taught me the value of hard work and dedication.